How to Choose and Use A Backpacking Stove

If you enjoy having a cooked meal at night and hot coffee in the morning while backpacking, bringing a stove is a must. However, choosing the right stove for you depends on several factors, such as how light and versatile you want it to be, whether you need a stove that boils quickly or simmers, how many people you'll be cooking for, and what type of fuel will be available to you if you're traveling internationally.

To select the best backpacking stove for your needs, consider the following:

1. Stove type: Backpacking stoves are categorized by the type of fuel they use and how the fuel is stored.

2. Stove specs and features: Factors such as burn time, average boil time, weight, and convenience features can help you narrow down your choices.

3. Stove usage tips: Understanding how a stove works can help you make an informed decision and get the most out of your purchase when you're out in the field.

Types of backpacking Stoves

There are several main categories of backpacking stoves, including:

lCanister Stoves: These stoves are easy to use and lightweight. They typically attach to self-sealing fuel canisters that contain pre-pressurized isobutane and propane gases. They are ideal for solo or small group trips.

lLiquid Fuel Stoves: Liquid fuel stoves are versatile and can handle extreme conditions, making them ideal for longer trips and large groups. They connect to refillable fuel bottles and can run on fuels such as white gas, kerosene, or diesel. This variety of fuel options can be especially useful when traveling internationally.

lWood-Burning Stoves: These stoves use twigs, branches, and other natural fuel sources to create a fire. They are environmentally friendly and perfect for extended trips where carrying fuel is not practical.

lAlcohol Stoves: These stoves use denatured alcohol as a fuel source. They are lightweight and easy to use, making them a great choice for solo or small group trips.

l Solid Fuel Stoves: These stoves use small tablets or cubes made from compressed fuel to create a flame. They are lightweight and compact, making them a popular choice for backpackers who need to conserve space and weight.

We provide a quick chart to help select a backpacking stove based on personal preferences, but it is important to remember that one type of stove may not be suitable for all situations. Different types of stoves may be needed for different types of backpacking trips. Further details about the different options are provided below.

Chart of Backpacking Stoves:

Canister Stoves

Canister stoves are a popular type of backpacking stove that uses pre-pressurized canisters of isobutane or propane fuel. Here are some pros and cons of canister stoves, as well as information about integrated canister systems and remote canister stoves.

Pros:

Canister stoves are lightweight and easy to use, ideal for solo or small group trips. They're quick to light and adjust the flame easily for precise control, with no priming necessary. Most models simmer well, and the canister self-seals when unscrewed to prevent spills and leaks. Some models have a built-in pressure regulator, providing consistent heat output for cold weather and high-elevation performance.

Cons:

Fuel canisters for canister stoves can be bulky and heavy, cannot be refilled, and may not be available in remote areas. Performance can decrease in cold weather or high altitude. Integrated canister systems attach the fuel canister directly to the stove, providing stability for pots and making them compact and lightweight for fast-and-light backpacking trips. However, they may not securely hold large pots, and it's difficult to know how much fuel is left. Wind screens should not be used, and canisters may depressurize in cold weather without a pressure regulator. Fuel costs are higher than liquid-fuel stoves, and canister waste needs to be disposed of properly.

Integrated Canister Systems

Integrated canister systems attach the fuel canister directly to the stove, providing a stable base for the pot and making them compact and lightweight for fast-and-light backpacking trips. These cooking systems are designed to boil water quickly and may include accessories like a French press. They have a built-in windscreen and some have a pressure regulator for consistent performance in low temperatures and at high elevations. However, they may be heavier and prone to tip-overs compared to standard canister stoves.

Remote Canister Stoves

Remote canister stoves have a separate fuel canister connected to the stove with a hose, allowing for greater stability and versatility in extreme weather. They are slightly heavier and bulkier than integrated canister systems. Some models can be used in an inverted position to improve performance in cold weather, and a windscreen may be used.

Liquid-fuel Stoves

Liquid-fuel stoves are a popular backpacking stove option that use highly refined white gas as fuel. They are versatile and can also run on unleaded auto gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel or diesel. They are a great choice for international travelers who may have limited fuel options. Liquid-fuel stoves burn hot and clean, perform well in below-freezing temperatures, and cost less than canister fuel. However, they require priming and periodic maintenance. These stoves offer a higher heat output and the ability to simmer and cook a variety of foods, but they are heavier than canister stoves.

Wood-burning Stoves

Wood-burning stoves are an eco-friendly and sustainable option that uses natural materials as fuel, which saves weight and space in your backpack. They can provide a unique outdoor cooking experience. However, they require time and effort to gather fuel, may not be suitable for areas with fire restrictions or scarce wood, and can leave behind ash and charred wood. Finding dry fuel during wet weather can be challenging, and their use may be prohibited during a burn ban or at high elevation in some places.

Alcohol Stoves

These are lightweight and affordable backpacking stoves that use denatured alcohol or ethanol as fuel. They are popular among ultralight backpackers because of their low weight, low cost, and quiet operation. They require little maintenance and are ideal for solo hikers and shorter trips. However, they have longer boil times and lower heat output than other stoves, need a flat surface for stability, and may have fuel availability issues in some areas.

Solid Fuel Stoves

Solid fuel stoves use small tablets made of compressed sawdust, wax, or other materials to generate heat. They are lightweight, compact, and have a long shelf life. Solid fuel stoves are a good choice for solo hikers or backpackers on a budget and can be used in areas with fire restrictions. However, they don't generate as much heat as other types of stoves, are affected by wind, and may leave behind residue or ash. They are best for those who need a lightweight, affordable, and easy-to-use stove, but not for those who require a high heat output or need to cook larger meals. Some models are so small they can fit in your pocket.

Stove Usage Tips

Tips of All Backpacking Stoves

Practice setting up and using the stove before your trip to become familiar with its features and prevent frustration in the field.

Choose a level, stable surface to place the stove on and avoid uneven ground or surfaces that could easily tip over.

Always read and follow the manufacturer's instructions for your specific stove model.

Use a windscreen to shield the flame from wind and increase heat efficiency, making sure it is far enough away to avoid overheating the stove.

Keep the stove and surrounding area clean to prevent fuel spills and fires, and wipe up spills immediately. Never leave the stove unattended while burning.

Use the appropriate fuel type for your stove, and check all fuel lines, valves, and connections for leaks or damage before lighting the stove.

Be patient and allow the stove time to heat up before cooking, and operate it on the most level surface possible.

Always carry extra fuel and a backup stove in case of emergencies, and bring a multi-tool with pliers for field repairs if needed.

Do not cook inside tents or enclosed spaces to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning and high fire risk.

If you're not counting ounces, an old car license plate makes a great base for a stove, especially on sand.

Even if your stove has a piezo-igniter, it's still a good idea to carry stormproof matches in case of failure.

Usage tips for canister stoves

When using a canister stove, it is important to follow a few guidelines to ensure safe and efficient cooking. First, choose the appropriate fuel canister by checking the label on your stove. Canister stoves typically use either isobutane or a blend of isobutane and propane fuel. Make sure to use the correct type of fuel for your stove.

Secondly, use a stable surface to place your stove on. Canister stoves can be unstable if not placed on a level surface. Choose a flat and stable surface that can support the weight of the stove and your cookware.

Thirdly, protect your stove from wind by using a windscreen. Wind can affect the performance of your stove by blowing out the flame or reducing its heat output. Make sure to place the windscreen a few inches away from the stove to prevent heat buildup.

Fourthly, read the instructions that come with your stove carefully and follow them closely. This will ensure that you use your stove safely and effectively.

Before you start cooking, preheat the stove for a few minutes to ensure a steady flame and better performance. Also, be mindful of altitude when using your stove as canister stoves can perform differently at high altitudes due to reduced oxygen levels.

To keep your stove operating efficiently, clean it regularly with a soft cloth and avoid using abrasive materials that could scratch the surface. Additionally, keep the fuel canister warm in cold temperatures by placing it in your sleeping bag at night or carrying it in your jacket pocket during the day.

If you are cooking on snow, use a piece of foam underneath the canister for insulation to prevent a chunk of ice from freezing to the bottom. Most canisters in the US feature a Lindal valve with standardized threading, allowing fuel canisters to be interchangeable between brands. However, manufacturers generally recommend using their own brand of fuel with their stoves.

Lastly, some places allow you to recycle your spent fuel canisters, so check with your local recycler to see if they accept them. It is worth noting that new fuel canisters usually contain a small amount of air near the top which may cause a large yellow flame-up if the stove tips, but this is not a cause for alarm as the fuel will flow and ignite after the air bleeds off.

Usage tips for liquid-fuel stoves

Use alcohol for priming to keep your stove soot-free.

Don't fill the fuel tank to the brim, leave room for air and expansion.

Empty the fuel tank before storing the stove for a long time.

Use a windscreen to protect the flame and improve efficiency.

Choose the right fuel and preheat the stove for a few minutes.

Practice good stove placement and monitor the flame to adjust the heat.

Clean the stove after use to prevent build-up.

Store the fuel safely in a cool, dry place and follow manufacturer's guidelines.

Optional tips

Consider using a heat exchanger for cold weather or extended trips to save fuel.

Be careful not to spill fuel on bare skin, especially in extreme cold.

If using aged white gas, strain it through a filter to remove sediment and check for color change indicating degradation.

Avoid using gasoline as it is too volatile and can be dangerous.